Akita Japans National Treasure
The Japanese Akita Dog, known simply as Akita in its native Japan, is a breed steeped in cultural significance and historical legacy. Revered for its loyalty, courage, and dignified bearing, this noble dog has become a symbol of strength, protection, and well-being in Japan. The breed’s journey through history mirrors Japan’s own cultural evolution, with its origins rooted in ancient times and its prominence growing through its association with hunting, war, and even royalty.
Ancient Origins of the Akita Dog
The Akita’s ancestry dates back over a thousand years to the northern regions of Japan, specifically the mountainous Akita Prefecture on Honshu Island, from which the breed derives its name. Historical evidence suggests that the Akita descended from the Matagi dogs, a primitive spitz-type hunting dog used by the indigenous Matagi people. These dogs were highly valued for their ability to track and hunt large game, such as wild boar, deer, and bears, in the harsh, snow-covered mountains of northern Japan.
The Matagi Akita played a crucial role in the survival of these early communities, not only as hunting companions but also as protectors of livestock and households. Their endurance, intelligence, and adaptability made them indispensable in the region’s rugged environment. The breed’s characteristics of strength, stamina, and loyalty are traits still cherished in the modern Akita today.
Role in Feudal Japan
During the 17th century, the Akita dog began to garner attention beyond the confines of rural hunting villages, particularly in the feudal courts of Japan. The ruling samurai class, always in search of symbols of power and prestige, became intrigued by the Akita’s formidable strength and commanding presence. In the early Edo period, Akitas were selectively bred for larger size and greater ferocity, with many serving as guard dogs for the homes of samurai lords and as protectors of Japanese nobility.
Some Akitas were also trained for dog fighting, a popular sport among the samurai. This led to further breeding efforts that emphasized size, aggression, and resilience. However, the use of Akitas in such brutal endeavours diminished in later centuries, as dog fighting itself became less culturally acceptable.
One notable historical figure who was particularly fond of the Akita was Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the fifth shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty. He is remembered not only for his fondness for animals but for his enactment of strict animal protection laws in 1687. Under his rule, Akitas began to be recognized as valuable cultural assets, leading to greater regulation and efforts to preserve the breed.
The Meiji Restoration and Breed Decline
The mid-19th century brought about dramatic changes in Japan, with the Meiji Restoration signalling the end of the feudal system and the opening of the country to Western influences. With these changes came a shift in the role of the Akita dog. The breed experienced a decline as foreign dog breeds, such as Mastiffs and St. Bernards, were introduced and interbred with local dogs, including the Akita. This crossbreeding was primarily aimed at creating larger, more aggressive fighting dogs.
As a result, the purebred Akita’s numbers dwindled significantly, and its distinct characteristics were nearly lost. Fortunately, by the early 20th century, concerned breed enthusiasts and government officials,
recognizing the breed’s cultural importance, launched preservation efforts. Akitas were declared a national treasure, and the government began registering purebred lines. In 1931, the Akita was officially recognized as a “national monument” of Japan.
The Story of Hachiko: A Symbol of Loyalty
One of the most famous stories that helped solidify the Akita’s reputation worldwide is the tale of Hachiko, a loyal Akita dog born in 1923. Hachiko belonged to Hidesaburo Ueno, a professor at the University of Tokyo. Every day, Hachiko would wait at Shibuya Station for his master to return from work. Tragically, Ueno died suddenly in 1925, but Hachiko continued to wait at the station every day for the next nine years until his own death in 1935.
Hachiko’s unwavering loyalty captured the hearts of the Japanese people, and a bronze statue of Hachiko was erected at Shibuya Station in his honour. The story of Hachiko spread beyond Japan, symbolizing the enduring bond between humans and dogs, and brought worldwide attention to the Akita breed.
World War II and the Akita’s Revival
World War II had a devastating impact on the Akita population. During the war, Japan faced severe resource shortages, and many dogs were killed for their fur to make military uniforms, while others were slaughtered to prevent the spread of disease. Only a few Akitas survived the war, hidden by their owners in remote regions of Japan.
After the war, efforts to restore the breed were spearheaded by a group of devoted breeders. Akitas were crossbred with the few remaining pure lines and some foreign breeds, like German Shepherds, which were used by American occupying forces. Post-war Akita breeding focused on preserving the traditional Japanese traits of the Akita, and eventually, two distinct lines emerged: the Japanese Akita Inu and the American Akita. The Japanese Akita Inu is known for its more fox-like appearance, with a narrower head and almond-shaped eyes, while the American Akita is generally larger and heavier, with a more robust build and a broader head.
Modern Akita: A National Treasure
Today, the Japanese Akita Inu is recognized as a national symbol of loyalty, protection, and well-being in Japan. The breed has also gained international popularity, particularly in the United States and Europe, due in part to its regal appearance, calm temperament, and protective instincts. However, it is in Japan where the Akita Inu continues to hold the most cultural significance, celebrated in festivals and honoured through statues, literature, and even as a good luck charm for families.
The Akita is more than just a dog breed; it represents a connection to Japan’s ancient past, a living embodiment of values such as loyalty, courage, and endurance. The breed’s history, from the mountains of Akita Prefecture to global recognition, is a testament to its resilience and the deep bond between the Akita dog and the people of Japan.
Very nice article. I love akita dogs