The Irish Setter with A Rich History
The Irish Setter, a breed renowned for its striking red coat and graceful stature, is one of the most beloved gundogs and companion animals today. With a rich history dating back centuries, the Irish Setter has evolved not only in appearance but also in its role within society. This essay delves into the history and origins of the Irish Setter, highlighting its development in Ireland, its initial purpose as a hunting dog, and its journey to becoming a global favourite.
Origins in Ireland
The Irish Setter’s lineage is deeply rooted in Ireland, where it was originally bred as a gundog in the 18th century. Irish hunters and breeders sought to create a dog that excelled in locating game birds such as partridges, quails, and pheasants. To do so, they aimed to develop a dog with superior scenting abilities, stamina, and agility to work in the rough, often boggy terrain typical of the Irish countryside. The result was a versatile hunting companion with a keen nose, known for its distinctive “setting” behaviour, where it would freeze or crouch low upon locating game, allowing the hunter to approach quietly before flushing the birds into the air.
The precise origins of the Irish Setter’s ancestors are somewhat unclear, but it is widely believed that the breed was developed by crossing several different breeds, including the Irish Water Spaniel, English Setter, and possibly some types of pointer. Early Irish Setters were not the deep red dogs we know today; instead, they came in a variety of coat colours, including red and white, which remains a recognized variety today known as the Irish Red and White Setter. However, by the 19th century, breeders began to favour the solid red colour that has since become the hallmark of the breed.
Development as a Gundog
In the early days, the Irish Setter’s primary role was as a working dog, specifically a bird dog used by hunters to locate and point to game. Irish Setters were prized for their ability to cover large amounts of ground quickly and efficiently, using their excellent sense of smell to locate birds hidden in tall grasses or dense brush. Once the bird was located, the setter would “set” or crouch low to indicate the bird’s presence, allowing the hunter to approach and prepare for the shot.
The Irish Setter’s speed, intelligence, and keen senses made it an ideal hunting companion, especially in the challenging conditions of the Irish landscape. As a result, the breed quickly gained a reputation not only in Ireland but also in the broader hunting community across Europe. By the 19th century, the Irish Setter had already become a staple in the field trials and hunting circles of Ireland and Britain.
Emergence of the Solid Red Coat
While early Irish Settlers came in various colours, including red, white, and a mixture of both, the all-red variety gradually became the most popular. The shift toward solid red Irish Setters is often credited to Irish breeders who, in the 19th century, selectively bred for the deep mahogany or chestnut red colour that is now synonymous with the breed. One of the key figures in the development of the all-red Irish Setter was Sir Thomas Power of County Waterford, who is said to have produced some of the earliest known solid-red Setters.
By the mid-19th century, the red Irish Setter had become increasingly favoured in dog shows, which were gaining popularity at the time. Breeders focused not only on maintaining the dog’s hunting capabilities but also on refining its appearance for the show ring. The solid red coat, combined with the Irish Setter’s graceful and athletic build, made it an instant favourite among show enthusiasts.
Popularity Beyond Ireland
As the Irish Setter’s popularity grew in Ireland and the UK, the breed soon spread to other parts of the world, particularly the United States. Irish Setters were imported to the U.S. in the 19th century, where they quickly became popular not only as hunting dogs but also as companion animals. In fact, the breed’s beauty, intelligence, and friendly nature made it a favourite among American dog lovers, and it wasn’t long before the Irish Setter became a symbol of elegance and nobility in American homes.
The breed’s popularity soared in the 20th century, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, partly due to its frequent appearances in movies, television shows, and advertising campaigns. One of the most famous Irish Setters in popular culture was “Big Red,” the titular character in Jim Kjelgaard’s 1945 novel and the subsequent Disney film adaptation. The story of Big Red, a magnificent Irish Setter who overcomes adversity and proves his worth, captured the hearts of many and further solidified the breed’s status as an iconic family pet.
Modern Role and Legacy
Today, the Irish Setter is cherished not only for its history as a skilled hunting dog but also for its versatility as a companion animal. While some Irish Setters are still used for hunting and field trials, the majority are now kept as beloved family pets. Known for their friendly, outgoing nature, Irish Setters are well-suited to active households, where their boundless energy and playful demeanour can be appreciated.
In the modern dog show world, the Irish Setter continues to impress with its striking appearance and graceful movement. The breed is often seen in the top ranks of dog shows, admired for its rich red coat, flowing feathering, and elegant stature.
Conclusion
The Irish Setter has come a long way from its humble beginnings as a working gundog in the fields of Ireland. Through careful breeding and the dedication of enthusiasts, the breed has transformed into a global symbol of beauty, grace, and companionship. While its origins as a hunting dog remain an important part of its legacy, today’s Irish Setter is much more than a working dog—it is a cherished member of many families and a beloved figure in the world of dog lovers. The Irish Setter’s history is a testament to the breed’s versatility, intelligence, and enduring appeal.
